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Instead of installing Nginx directly to the system path, this guide explains how to download, build, and set up Nginx manually.
---
## Setup Environment
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.4 (Plow)
## 1. Download and Extract Nginx
To download and extract Nginx:
```
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
```
To download a different version, simply change the version number in the command and proceed with the steps as outlined.
---
## 2. Install Required Libraries
Install essential libraries:
```
sudo yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
```
```
Explanation of each library:
- gcc: The C compiler required to compile Nginx source code into an executable.
- pcre: Provides regular expression handling for Nginx.
- pcre-devel: Contains development headers needed when compiling Nginx.
- zlib: Enables gzip compression in Nginx.
- zlib-devel: Provides zlibs development files needed for compiling.
- openssl: Necessary for SSL/TLS encryption, enabling HTTPS.
- openssl-devel: Includes OpenSSLs development headers, required to compile Nginx with SSL/TLS support.
```
---
### If you encounter the following error during installation:
```
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs) 0.0 B/s | 0 B 00:00
Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms':
- Curl error (91): SSL server certificate status verification FAILED for https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel9/9/x86_64/baseos/os/repodata/repomd.xml [OCSP response has expired]
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms': Cannot download repomd.xml: Cannot download repodata/repomd.xml: All mirrors were tried"
```
This issue is due to a time discrepancy. To resolve it, run:
```
systemctl restart chronyd
```
---
## 3. Set Up Paths
Install to the "/root" directory with the following commands:
```
./configure --prefix=$PWD/build --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock
make
make install
```
### 3-1. Explanation of Each Configuration Option
```
1. ./configure --prefix=$PWD/build": Sets the installation directory to a "build" folder in the current directory.
2. --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx": Specifies the path for the "nginx" executable.
3. --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf": Sets the path for the Nginx configuration file.
4. --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log": Sets the error log file path.
5. --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log": Specifies the path for the HTTP request log.
6. --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp": Defines the path for temporary files of client body content.
7. --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp": Sets the proxy request temporary file storage path.
8. --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp": Specifies the FastCGI request temporary file path.
9. --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid": Sets the process ID file path.
10. --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock": Defines the lock file path to prevent duplicate runs.
```
---
## 4. Confirm Installation
To confirm the installation:
```
[root@vbox nginx]# pwd
/root/nginx
[root@vbox nginx]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 23:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 3 23:47 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 19 Nov 3 23:47 sbin
```
---
## 5. Configure Nginx Server
Set up the configuration as follows:
```
worker_processes 1024;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
use epoll;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;
server {
listen 10099;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
```
---
## 6. Run Nginx
Navigate to the sbin directory where Nginx is installed and start it:
```
cd /root/nginx/sbin
./nginx
```
To check if it’s running, use: s -ef | grep nginx
Example output:
```
nobody 44425 43920 0 23:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 44426 43920 0 23:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 44427 43920 0 23:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 44428 43920 0 23:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 44429 43920 0 23:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
```
---
## 7. Confirm Accessibility
As this server runs on a VM, you need to configure port forwarding and disable the firewall for access.
### 7-1. Add Port Forwarding
Example configuration:
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu6uUaJCk_fnnKL2rKSSmO44DapTsetVWemA_Ge7mGCBe29qdrbPaqSKwH5AdxpaXd96g9goOZPqE5be9xS_T61CGUCjC0eyycGsjTWHWPLYCxuLAeh4OXt1avkvwMX4aSvhlW-wwC5DAXRepPFi5gmGAdbhvMDMKP-rYNP2Hvt74y_KJOtMkyAHt/s1600/nginx-1.PNG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="virtualbox port forwarding" border="0" data-original-height="379" data-original-width="833" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu6uUaJCk_fnnKL2rKSSmO44DapTsetVWemA_Ge7mGCBe29qdrbPaqSKwH5AdxpaXd96g9goOZPqE5be9xS_T61CGUCjC0eyycGsjTWHWPLYCxuLAeh4OXt1avkvwMX4aSvhlW-wwC5DAXRepPFi5gmGAdbhvMDMKP-rYNP2Hvt74y_KJOtMkyAHt/s1600-rw/nginx-1.PNG"/></a></div>
### 7-2. Disable the Firewall
```
[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10099/tcp
success
[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success
```
---
## 8. Verify Functionality
Confirm functionality in the browser.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsNFu6WNkgKBjWFw5ZNxfp6z_iNqAXH0X72s38dLZpwLocN1GFw7SbYcSWc-Vtolcmd_FgCT3QVDbuFX3G3YTCYbLjhbBcFg5Rxa1EkIdz8QRxeqTjZR8mDO251snn1v3U9X6xCFdnYI3vTeP4ICYF5XpB_PkrcHcY51nZ1fBfWjrrJqYo8Iho0Zf/s1600/nginx-2.PNG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="port forwarding run" border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="976" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsNFu6WNkgKBjWFw5ZNxfp6z_iNqAXH0X72s38dLZpwLocN1GFw7SbYcSWc-Vtolcmd_FgCT3QVDbuFX3G3YTCYbLjhbBcFg5Rxa1EkIdz8QRxeqTjZR8mDO251snn1v3U9X6xCFdnYI3vTeP4ICYF5XpB_PkrcHcY51nZ1fBfWjrrJqYo8Iho0Zf/s1600-rw/nginx-2.PNG"/></a></div>
---
## Accessing Nginx Logs
Example log entries:
```
10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:21 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:22 +0900] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 579 "http://127.0.0.1:10099/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
```
---
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