[2] Nginx Server Setup - Downloading and Setting Up a Specific Version of Nginx

11월 09, 2024

Instead of installing Nginx directly to the system path, this guide explains how to download, build, and set up Nginx manually.

Setup Environment

Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.4 (Plow)

1. Download and Extract Nginx

To download and extract Nginx:

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz

To download a different version, simply change the version number in the command and proceed with the steps as outlined.

2. Install Required Libraries

Install essential libraries:

sudo yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

Explanation of each library:
- gcc: The C compiler required to compile Nginx source code into an executable.
- pcre: Provides regular expression handling for Nginx.
- pcre-devel: Contains development headers needed when compiling Nginx.
- zlib: Enables gzip compression in Nginx.
- zlib-devel: Provides zlibs development files needed for compiling.
- openssl: Necessary for SSL/TLS encryption, enabling HTTPS.
- openssl-devel: Includes OpenSSLs development headers, required to compile Nginx with SSL/TLS support.

If you encounter the following error during installation:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs)                                                                        0.0  B/s |   0  B     00:00
Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms':
  - Curl error (91): SSL server certificate status verification FAILED for https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel9/9/x86_64/baseos/os/repodata/repomd.xml [OCSP response has expired]
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms': Cannot download repomd.xml: Cannot download repodata/repomd.xml: All mirrors were tried"

This issue is due to a time discrepancy. To resolve it, run:

systemctl restart chronyd

3. Set Up Paths

Install to the "/root" directory with the following commands:

./configure --prefix=$PWD/build --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock
make
make install

3-1. Explanation of Each Configuration Option

1. ./configure --prefix=$PWD/build": Sets the installation directory to a "build" folder in the current directory.
2. --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx": Specifies the path for the "nginx" executable.
3. --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf": Sets the path for the Nginx configuration file.
4. --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log": Sets the error log file path.
5. --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log": Specifies the path for the HTTP request log.
6. --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp": Defines the path for temporary files of client body content.
7. --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp": Sets the proxy request temporary file storage path.
8. --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp": Specifies the FastCGI request temporary file path.
9. --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid": Sets the process ID file path.
10. --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock": Defines the lock file path to prevent duplicate runs.

4. Confirm Installation

To confirm the installation:

[root@vbox nginx]# pwd
/root/nginx

[root@vbox nginx]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov  3 23:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov  3 23:47 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   19 Nov  3 23:47 sbin

5. Configure Nginx Server

Set up the configuration as follows:

worker_processes  1024;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;

    server {
        listen       10099;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}

6. Run Nginx

Navigate to the sbin directory where Nginx is installed and start it:

cd /root/nginx/sbin
./nginx

To check if it’s running, use: s -ef | grep nginx

Example output:

nobody     44425   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44426   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44427   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44428   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44429   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

7. Confirm Accessibility

As this server runs on a VM, you need to configure port forwarding and disable the firewall for access.

7-1. Add Port Forwarding

Example configuration:

7-2. Disable the Firewall

[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10099/tcp
success
[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success

8. Verify Functionality

Confirm functionality in the browser.

Accessing Nginx Logs

Example log entries:

10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:21 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:22 +0900] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 579 "http://127.0.0.1:10099/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

Recommended Link



Instead of installing Nginx directly to the system path, this guide explains how to download, build, and set up Nginx manually.

---

## Setup Environment
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.4 (Plow)

## 1. Download and Extract Nginx
To download and extract Nginx:
```
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.21.6.tar.gz
```

To download a different version, simply change the version number in the command and proceed with the steps as outlined.

---

## 2. Install Required Libraries

Install essential libraries:
```
sudo yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
```

```
Explanation of each library:
- gcc: The C compiler required to compile Nginx source code into an executable.
- pcre: Provides regular expression handling for Nginx.
- pcre-devel: Contains development headers needed when compiling Nginx.
- zlib: Enables gzip compression in Nginx.
- zlib-devel: Provides zlibs development files needed for compiling.
- openssl: Necessary for SSL/TLS encryption, enabling HTTPS.
- openssl-devel: Includes OpenSSLs development headers, required to compile Nginx with SSL/TLS support.
```
---

### If you encounter the following error during installation:

```
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs)                                                                        0.0  B/s |   0  B     00:00
Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms':
  - Curl error (91): SSL server certificate status verification FAILED for https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel9/9/x86_64/baseos/os/repodata/repomd.xml [OCSP response has expired]
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms': Cannot download repomd.xml: Cannot download repodata/repomd.xml: All mirrors were tried"
```

This issue is due to a time discrepancy. To resolve it, run:
```
systemctl restart chronyd
```

---

## 3. Set Up Paths

Install to the "/root" directory with the following commands:

```
./configure --prefix=$PWD/build --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock
make
make install
```

### 3-1. Explanation of Each Configuration Option

```
1. ./configure --prefix=$PWD/build": Sets the installation directory to a "build" folder in the current directory.
2. --sbin-path=/root/nginx/sbin/nginx": Specifies the path for the "nginx" executable.
3. --conf-path=/root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf": Sets the path for the Nginx configuration file.
4. --error-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/error.log": Sets the error log file path.
5. --http-log-path=/root/nginx/logs/access.log": Specifies the path for the HTTP request log.
6. --http-client-body-temp-path=/root/nginx/client_body_temp": Defines the path for temporary files of client body content.
7. --http-proxy-temp-path=/root/nginx/proxy_temp": Sets the proxy request temporary file storage path.
8. --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/root/nginx/fastcgi_temp": Specifies the FastCGI request temporary file path.
9. --pid-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.pid": Sets the process ID file path.
10. --lock-path=/root/nginx/logs/nginx.lock": Defines the lock file path to prevent duplicate runs.
```

---

## 4. Confirm Installation

To confirm the installation:
```
[root@vbox nginx]# pwd
/root/nginx

[root@vbox nginx]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov  3 23:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov  3 23:47 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   19 Nov  3 23:47 sbin
```

---

## 5. Configure Nginx Server

Set up the configuration as follows:

```
worker_processes  1024;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;

    server {
        listen       10099;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}
```

---

## 6. Run Nginx

Navigate to the sbin directory where Nginx is installed and start it:

```
cd /root/nginx/sbin
./nginx
```

To check if it&#8217;s running, use: s -ef | grep nginx


Example output:
```
nobody     44425   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44426   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44427   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44428   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     44429   43920  0 23:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
```

---

## 7. Confirm Accessibility

As this server runs on a VM, you need to configure port forwarding and disable the firewall for access.

### 7-1. Add Port Forwarding

Example configuration:

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu6uUaJCk_fnnKL2rKSSmO44DapTsetVWemA_Ge7mGCBe29qdrbPaqSKwH5AdxpaXd96g9goOZPqE5be9xS_T61CGUCjC0eyycGsjTWHWPLYCxuLAeh4OXt1avkvwMX4aSvhlW-wwC5DAXRepPFi5gmGAdbhvMDMKP-rYNP2Hvt74y_KJOtMkyAHt/s1600/nginx-1.PNG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="virtualbox port forwarding" border="0" data-original-height="379" data-original-width="833" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu6uUaJCk_fnnKL2rKSSmO44DapTsetVWemA_Ge7mGCBe29qdrbPaqSKwH5AdxpaXd96g9goOZPqE5be9xS_T61CGUCjC0eyycGsjTWHWPLYCxuLAeh4OXt1avkvwMX4aSvhlW-wwC5DAXRepPFi5gmGAdbhvMDMKP-rYNP2Hvt74y_KJOtMkyAHt/s1600-rw/nginx-1.PNG"/></a></div>

### 7-2. Disable the Firewall

```
[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10099/tcp
success
[root@vbox nginx] $ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success
```

---

## 8. Verify Functionality

Confirm functionality in the browser.

<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsNFu6WNkgKBjWFw5ZNxfp6z_iNqAXH0X72s38dLZpwLocN1GFw7SbYcSWc-Vtolcmd_FgCT3QVDbuFX3G3YTCYbLjhbBcFg5Rxa1EkIdz8QRxeqTjZR8mDO251snn1v3U9X6xCFdnYI3vTeP4ICYF5XpB_PkrcHcY51nZ1fBfWjrrJqYo8Iho0Zf/s1600/nginx-2.PNG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="port forwarding run" border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="976" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWsNFu6WNkgKBjWFw5ZNxfp6z_iNqAXH0X72s38dLZpwLocN1GFw7SbYcSWc-Vtolcmd_FgCT3QVDbuFX3G3YTCYbLjhbBcFg5Rxa1EkIdz8QRxeqTjZR8mDO251snn1v3U9X6xCFdnYI3vTeP4ICYF5XpB_PkrcHcY51nZ1fBfWjrrJqYo8Iho0Zf/s1600-rw/nginx-2.PNG"/></a></div>

---

## Accessing Nginx Logs

Example log entries:

```
10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:21 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
10.0.2.2 - - [04/Nov/2024:00:06:22 +0900] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 500 579 "http://127.0.0.1:10099/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
```

---

<!-- 목록을 표시할 HTML 컨테이너 -->
<div>
    <h3>Related Links</h3>
    <ul id="label-post-list">
        <!-- 여기에 게시물 목록이 추가됩니다 -->
    </ul>
</div>

---

<!-- 목록을 표시할 HTML 컨테이너 -->
<div>
    <h3>Recommended Link</h3>
    <ul id="label-post-list-include">
        <!-- 여기에 게시물 목록이 추가됩니다 -->
    </ul>
</div>

---

이 블로그 검색

심플 이즈 베스트

진공 속 목소리: 의미 없는 세계에서 이유 찾기